解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Spontaneous fetal death has been observed among various mammalian species after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Our exposure-based cohort study assessed the relationship between consumption of PCB-contaminated Lake Ontario sport fish and spontaneous fetal death using 1820 multigravid fertile women from t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103498
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk assessment process is described with a focus on the hazard identification and dose-response components. Many of the scientific questions and uncertainties associated with these components are discussed, and the role for biomarkers and specimen banking in supporting these activities are assessed. Under hazard ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s39
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The general methods used to complete measurements of human exposures are identified and illustrations are provided for the cases of indirect and direct methods used for exposure analysis. The application of the techniques for external measurements of exposure, microenvironmental and personal monitors, are placed in th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s335
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A few animal studies on the possible carcinogenic effect of magnetic fields have been published. They have been designed to reveal a possible tumor promotion obtained by applying continuous or pulsed alternating fields at flux densities varying between 0.5 microT and 30 mT on mice or rats initiated with different init...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s263
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system comprises a highly integrated network of multiple tissues and cell types with complicated interactions and effects. It is modulated by the endocrine and nervous systems and there is growing realization of its multifunctionality. The session focusing on immunologic effects of dioxin and related compou...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s2157
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil ingestion estimates play an important role in risk assessment of contaminated sites, and estimates of soil ingestion in children are of special interest. Current estimates of soil ingestion are trace-element specific and vary widely among elements. Although expressed as daily estimates, the actual estimates have ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103276
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metals have been mined and used since ancient times. The industrial era has seen a sharp increase in both the amounts and variety of metals that find applications in industry. The inadvertent release of metals, such as from fossil fuel consumption, also adds to the global burden. A number of catastrophic outbreaks hav...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s19
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enhanced transport of trace metal in porous media can occur in the presence of a ligand or "carrier" that has a high affinity for binding the pollutant, is dispersed and mobile in the soil environment, is recalcitrant with respect to microbial degradation, and is acceptable to the public. These aspects of the facilita...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s153
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metal ions form complexes with naturally occurring complexing agents or ligands released from industrial activity. The metal complexes are thereby mobilized and transported in environmental and biological systems. The impact of such metal complexes depends on the metal complex species that are kinetically and thermody...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s113
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models has been proposed as a means of estimating the dose of the reactive metabolites of carcinogenic xenobiotics reaching target tissues, thereby affording an opportunity to base estimates of potential cancer risk on tissue dose rather than external levels of e...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s1137
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An increase in both the numbers and types of tumors found in finfish and shellfish has been noted in the past several decades. In many cases, while the increase in tumor incidence can be correlated with increases in aquatic toxicant levels, causality cannot be definitively proven. One recent epidemiologic investigatio...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s1281
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Participants at the Napa Conference on Genetic and Molecular Ecotoxicology assessed the status of this field in light of heightened concerns about the genetic effects of exposure to hazardous substances and recent advancements in our capabilities to measure those effects. We present here a synthesis of the ideas discu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s123
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of people worldwide are living in areas where ozone (O3) concentrations exceed health standards (an hourly average of 235 micrograms/m3/0.12 ppm, not to be exceeded more than once per year). Ozone induces acute nasal inflammatory responses and significant epithelial lesions in experimental animals and humans....
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.102-1567497
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asbestos and silica are well-known fibrogenic dusts. However, there is no comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular events that lead to fibrosis as a consequence of asbestos or silica inhalation. Previous studies have shown that asbestos stimulates superoxide anion production in alveolar macrophages th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s1069
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo detection of free radicals on a quantitative basis is essential for an establishment of their role in membrane, protein, and cell and tissue damage. This article compares optical methods, including chemiluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and NMR methods for the study of free radicals and free ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s1029
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to oxidants is associated with an increased incidence of malignancy; however, the mechanism(s) by which oxidants contribute to carcinogenesis is unknown. Since oncogene activation plays an important role in carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage might contribute to ca...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s10155
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-dose boric acid (BA) exposure produces testicular lesions in adult rats characterized by inhibited spermiation (IS) that may progress to atrophy. In vivo and in vitro studies addressed possible mechanisms. In vivo, boron tissue disposition was examined, since no detailed data existed, and relevant boron concentra...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s799
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of the experimental studies relating boron to biological effects on appendicular and axial bones in animal models suggests that numerous influences, known and unknown, affect the responsiveness of bone to dietary boron. Degrees of skeletal response to boron are modified by other nutritional variables that inc...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s749
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elemental boron was isolated in 1808. It typically occurs in nature as borates hydrated with varying amounts of water. Important compounds are boric acid and borax. Boron compounds are also used in the production of metals, enamels, and glasses. In trace amounts, boron is essential for the growth of many plants, and i...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s7113
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinogenic nickel compounds are usually found to be weak mutagens; therefore these compounds may not exert their carcinogenic activity through conventional genotoxic mechanisms. On the other hand, the activities of many nickel compounds have not been adequately investigated. We evaluated the genotoxic activities of ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s973
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A combined cytogeneticurine metabolite analysis approach was used to assess potential interactive effects between Fenarimol (FN), a fungicide, and trichloroethylene (TRI), a halogenated solvent. FN was demonstrated to selectively induce P450-2B1 isoforms in different organs of treated mice. Since the rate of metabolis...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s931
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 1992 and 1993 the Wisconsin Division of Health investigated five cases in which copper-contaminated drinking water was suspected of causing gastrointestinal upsets. Each of these case studies was conducted after our office was notified of high copper levels in drinking water or notified of unexplained illnesses...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102958
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association of blood lead (B-Pb) concentration to blood pressure was investigated in men aged 55 to 75 years living in the Rome area, who had no history of exposure to lead in the workplace and who participated between 1989 and 1990 in an epidemiologic survey for coronary heart disease (New Risk Factor Project). O...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s9107
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A stratified version of nested case-control sampling which we call "countermatching" is presented. This design uses data available for all cohort members to obtain a sample for collecting additional information in a case-control substudy. Hitherto the only stratified sampling design for such studies has involved match...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s847
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In numerous in vivo systems it has been shown that diets high in menhaden oil (a fish oil high in omega-3 fatty acids) can inhibit the carcinogenic process. In the present study, we have assessed the effects of a diet containing menhaden oil on 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)-DNA adduct formation in targe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s657
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously we have demonstrated that several xenobiotics can induce multidrug (mdr) gene expression in cultures of primary isolated hepatocytes. One of the best of these xenobiotic inducers in rat hepatocytes is 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), which induces mdr expression by an enhancement of mdr gene transcription. In...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s6209
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to elucidate the relationship between DNA adduct formation and tumorigenesis, DNA adducts were measured in the livers and bladders of mice during chronic exposure to several different doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP). Continuous oral administration of these compounds for...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s6161
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), the most abundant compound of the aminoimidazoazaarens (AIA) group of mutagens/carcinogens isolated from the crust of fried and broiled meat, was examined in freshly isolated hepatocytes from untreated rat, mouse, hamster, and guinea pig. Activa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s6109
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethene is, on a molar basis, a major urban air pollutant. It has been shown beyond doubt that a fraction of inhaled ethene is metabolized in mammals (including humans) via ethylene oxide, an electrophilic reagent that has been shown to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. To the extent that the linearity hypothesis for dose...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.102-1566931
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dissolution of mineral fibers has been studied in simulated physiological fluids using a dynamic testing procedure. Fibers of different chemical composition and obtained by different processes with a mean diameter of about 1 micron, have been characterized with respect to their solubility under various test condit...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.102-1567251
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper summarizes two roundtable discussions held at the conclusion of the International Conference on Biopersistence of Respirable Synthetic Fibres and Minerals. The first round table addressed the role of biopersistence in the pathogenicity of fiber-induced disease. The panel included T. W. Hesterberg (Chairman)...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s5277
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung burden analysis was performed on 126 autopsy cases of persons who died in New York City from 1966 through 1968. Of the 126 cases, 107 were probably non-occupationally exposed, judging by occupational history and asbestos body content of lung. Fifty-three of the 107 cases contained short chrysotile fibers/fibrils,...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s5235
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of inhaled mineral fibers in the lung determines the site and severity of disease caused by the fibers. Some of our recent work has described the fate of inhaled asbestos fibers in rodents. After a brief inhalation exposure, asbestos fibers are deposited primarily at the first alveolar duct bifurcatio...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s5197
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biopersistence of fibers and minerals in the respiratory tract is an important parameter in the toxicity of those materials. The biopersistence of respirable synthetic fibers and minerals in man can be most closely evaluated in an animal model. While acellular and in vitro systems are important for initial evaluat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s515
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans are exposed to a large number of environmental genotoxic agents. These can increase the probability that somatic mutation will occur. The use of genotoxicity testing is essential for assessment of potential human toxicity so that hazards can be prevented. Cytogenetic monitoring of human populations exposed to c...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s4131
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity testing in AS52 cells (24-hr exposures) gave LC50 values of 2 to 130 micrograms Ni/ml for particulate nickel compounds and 45 to 60 micrograms Ni/ml for water-soluble salts (NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni(CH3COO)2). The Ni(OH)2, NiCO3, and sulfides (Ni3S2, Ni7S6, "amorphous NiS") exhibited similar toxicities (LC50's of 2 t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s369
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible risk for human health arising from consumption of lead-polluted shellfish was suggested by experiments on the bioavailability for mice of a "biologically detoxified" form of the metal. In this work, young mice were fed with a mixed diet including mussels collected in a Pb-polluted area. Metal concentratio...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s3335
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromate is an established human carcinogen. There have been many studies of the reactivity of chromate aimed at improving understanding of chromate toxicity. In the present paper a number of conclusions of these studies are reviewed and considered in the light of new results obtained in our laboratories. A number of ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s33
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spatial and temporal regulation of intracellular free Ca2+ serves as a modulator of signal transduction pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation. Thus, interference of metals with intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has been considered as a target of toxic action. We used the fluorescence indicator fura-2 t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s3265
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reaction of chromium(VI) with one equivalent of ascorbate was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in the presence of 0.10 M 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) at room temperature in 0.10 M (N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N'-[2-ethanesulfonic acid]) (HEPES) and 0.05 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminometh...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s321
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00